![]() ![]() With advancing technology and digitization, video recordings can provide more objective information about the patient, therapist, and treatment non-invasively and with high temporal resolution. In the following sections, we will summarize assessments and measures in psychotherapy research that can capture important information about patients and treatment in addition to and beyond self-report questionnaires, thus providing novel data for evidence-based and data-informed psychotherapy. To better support therapists with the most accurate models and recommendations, we must go beyond self-report questionnaires. Although they are the cornerstone of psychotherapy research, standardized subjective self-report measures have critical shortcomings, including limited patient self-insight, response tendencies, and cognitive biases (e.g., memory bias) ( 3, 4). However, most measurement-based prediction algorithms have been calculated based on self-report data. These different modalities convey important information about patients' mental states, thoughts, and emotions and can lead to a more in-depth understanding of psychotherapy processes and outcomes. Indeed, psychotherapeutic processes are rich on various channels, including verbal and nonverbal exchanges between patients and therapists, emotional expressions, somatic-motor activity, and physiological processes. However, these advanced methods quickly reach their limits when the data base is insufficient to realize their full potential to predict outcomes and derive clinical recommendations. In recent decades, the statistical methods used to create these algorithms have improved rapidly, e.g., with the introduction of machine learning (ML) into psychotherapy research ( 2). To support therapists making such decisions, measurement-based and data-informed psychological therapy, which relies on prediction algorithms, can be implemented ( 1). Good clinical decision-making during case conceptualization, treatment selection, and the adjustment of the therapeutic strategy over the course of treatment can improve the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
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